The last county to be created in Virginia was formed in 1880. It was named after William J. Dickenson, who was a "Readjuster" delegate to the General Assembly from Russell County in 1880.
The Readjusters were politicians who were just taking control of Virginia politics when Dickenson County was created. The party were named after their key political proposal to readjust the existing state debt (mostly for highway, canal, and railroad construction prior to the Civil War) rather than pay it in full.
The Funders were in charge from 1870-1879. They wanted to pay off the state bonds in full in order to attract new northern/European investment during Reconstruction. However, this meant a high percentage of state taxes went to repay old debts from 1840-60 rather than to fund schools, new roads, etc. in the 1870's.
The Readjusters ended up repudiating a third of the existing state debt and stretching out the payments for the rest, rather than paying off previously-incurred debt. This let them promise more government services immediately to the current Virginia taxpayers, though lawsuits about the debt stretched into 1915. Gee, are there any parallels with today's political wrangling over the *national* debt?
Note that both sides in 1880 were mostly Democrats. For nearly a century after "the War of Northern Aggression," state politics would be dominated by factions of Democrats, with the Republicans in the far southwest counties playing a key role on some occasions.