Regions of Virginia (Why Isn't There An East Virginia?)

Blue Ridge
Chesapeake Bay
Eastern Shore
Northern Neck
Northern Virginia
Piedmont
Shenandoah Valley
Southside
Southwest Virginia

Until World War II, you could make an educated guess about a person's original home in Virginia by observing their distinctive accents, food preferences, and other patterns of behavior. Today, bagels and Chinese take-out are common in Martinsville as well as Arlington; NASCAR is popular in Warrenton as well as Emporia; Sunday afternoon football is watched in Grundy as well as Virginia Beach; and America Online has customers throughout the state typing the same emoticons :)

Still, there are differences between places and people in Virginia today. If you're in a Hardees in South Boston, notice the iced tea - odds are, it will be sweetened, unlike the iced tea in the Hardees at Fredericksburg. Manassas students debate whether the University of Virginia can beat Virginia Tech in football this year - but Danville students may follow the athletic successes of competing schools in North Carolina. There are excellent Japanese restaurants in Roanoke and Garrison Keillor has presented Prairie Home Companion shows in the Roanoke coliseum, but a Middleburg or McLean address will still carry far more social cachet (except in the West End of Richmond, where your family name may carry more weight than even your bank account).

If you have a nostalgic, First Family of Virginia (FFV) perspective, you can say there's Northern Virginia and then there's "real Virginia." Typically, folks drawing this line are long-term residents who consider Northern Virginia to be an alien entity, "occupied" by Northerners and people with no family ties to Virginia.

If you're less emotional about defining the regions of Virginia, you can can segment Virginia into far more regions.

Hampton Roads can be split into the Eastern Shore, Gloucester, Newport News/Hampton, Suffolk/Chesapeake, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach. If you're doing direct mail advertising, you'll use Zip Codes to split down further to distinct neighborhoods. If you're a politician, you'll split down to precincts - remember, all politics is local. And if you're a Census enumerator, you'll try to find every single person in your Census block.

The boundaries of these regions of Virginia are permeable to migration of people and information. The current boundaries are poorly-defined, subject to debate, and perhaps likely to be outdated within a few decades. Virginia's political boundaries have also been subject to change. The colonial claims to the Forks of the Ohio (Pittsburgh area) were dropped in the 1760's. The Commonwealth of Virginia claims to the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois...) were relinquished in the 1780's. Kentucky became a separate state in the 1790's, and in the 1860's the western 33 counties of Virginia split off to become West Virginia.

Northern VA in 1895
Northern Virginia - 1895

How should we draw the lines of the sections of Virginia, especially on a map? Well, there's always the physical geography to consider. Virginia's regions reflect transportation and population patterns established during the colonial era and prior to the Civil War. As the physical geography shaped those patterns, it created the modern regions of Virginia.

NOTE: Did you know that George Washington considered the possibility that the United States would collapse, and split between the northern and southern states? If that had occurred, Washington planned to join the northern region...1

pine regeneration at Hog Island Wildlife Management Area, north of Surry nuclear power plant
loblolly pine regeneration on sandy soil of Coastal Plain
(Hog Island Wildlife Management Area, north of Surry nuclear power plant)

Links

pine planting at Hog Island Wildlife Management Area, north of Surry nuclear power plant

Recommended Reading:

- Sutton, Robert P., "Sectionalism and Constitutional Reform" in Revolution to Secession: Constitution Making in the Old Dominion, p.52-71, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1989
- Shade, Willam G., "The Constitution of Virginia," Democratizing the Old Dominion: Virginia and the Second Party System, 1824-1861, pp. 50-77, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1996
- Turner, George Edgar, "Concentration in Virginia," Victory Rode the Rails: The Strategic Place of Railroads in the Civil War, pp.62-72, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (NB), 1992

References

1 Wiencek, Henry, posting on VA-HIST listserver on May 29, 2003, listlva.lib.va.us/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0305&L=va-hist&T=0&F=&S=&P=5963 (last checked June 3, 2003) , January 19, 2000


Geography of Virginia